/*
    * Copyright (c) 1997, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
    *
    * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
    * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
    * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
    * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   *
   * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
   * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
   * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
   * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
   * accompanied this code).
   *
   * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
   * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
   * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
   *
   * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
   * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
   * questions.
   */
  
  package sun.security.pkcs;
  
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.OutputStream;
  import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.Date;
  import java.util.Hashtable;
  import sun.security.x509.CertificateExtensions;
  import sun.security.util.Debug;
  import sun.security.util.DerEncoder;
  import sun.security.util.DerValue;
  import sun.security.util.DerInputStream;
  import sun.security.util.DerOutputStream;
  import sun.security.util.ObjectIdentifier;
  import sun.misc.HexDumpEncoder;
  
  /**
   * Class supporting any PKCS9 attributes.
   * Supports DER decoding and access to attribute values, but not
   * DER encoding or setting of values.
   *
   * <a name="classTable"><h3>Type/Class Table</h3></a>
   * The following table shows the correspondence between
   * PKCS9 attribute types and value component classes.
   *
   * <P>
   * <TABLE BORDER CELLPADDING=8 ALIGN=CENTER>
   *
   * <TR>
   * <TH>Object Identifier</TH>
   * <TH>Attribute Name</TH>
   * <TH>Type</TH>
   * <TH>Value Class</TH>
   * </TR>
   *
   * <TR>
   * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.1</TD>
   * <TD>EmailAddress</TD>
   * <TD>Multi-valued</TD>
   * <TD><code>String[]</code></TD>
   * </TR>
   *
   * <TR>
   * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.2</TD>
   * <TD>UnstructuredName</TD>
   * <TD>Multi-valued</TD>
   * <TD><code>String[]</code></TD>
   * </TR>
   *
   * <TR>
   * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.3</TD>
   * <TD>ContentType</TD>
   * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
   * <TD><code>ObjectIdentifier</code></TD>
   * </TR>
   *
   * <TR>
   * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.4</TD>
   * <TD>MessageDigest</TD>
   * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
   * <TD><code>byte[]</code></TD>
   * </TR>
   *
   * <TR>
   * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.5</TD>
   * <TD>SigningTime</TD>
   * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
   * <TD><code>Date</code></TD>
   * </TR>
   *
   * <TR>
   * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.6</TD>
   * <TD>Countersignature</TD>
  * <TD>Multi-valued</TD>
  * <TD><code>SignerInfo[]</code></TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * <TR>
  * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.7</TD>
  * <TD>ChallengePassword</TD>
  * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
  * <TD><code>String</code></TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * <TR>
  * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.8</TD>
  * <TD>UnstructuredAddress</TD>
  * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
  * <TD><code>String</code></TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * <TR>
  * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.9</TD>
  * <TD>ExtendedCertificateAttributes</TD>
  * <TD>Multi-valued</TD>
  * <TD>(not supported)</TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * <TR>
  * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.10</TD>
  * <TD>IssuerAndSerialNumber</TD>
  * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
  * <TD>(not supported)</TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * <TR>
  * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.{11,12}</TD>
  * <TD>RSA DSI proprietary</TD>
  * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
  * <TD>(not supported)</TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * <TR>
  * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.13</TD>
  * <TD>S/MIME unused assignment</TD>
  * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
  * <TD>(not supported)</TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * <TR>
  * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.14</TD>
  * <TD>ExtensionRequest</TD>
  * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
  * <TD>CertificateExtensions</TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * <TR>
  * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.15</TD>
  * <TD>SMIMECapability</TD>
  * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
  * <TD>(not supported)</TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * <TR>
  * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.2.12</TD>
  * <TD>SigningCertificate</TD>
  * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
  * <TD>SigningCertificateInfo</TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * <TR>
  * <TD>1.2.840.113549.1.9.16.2.14</TD>
  * <TD>SignatureTimestampToken</TD>
  * <TD>Single-valued</TD>
  * <TD>byte[]</TD>
  * </TR>
  *
  * </TABLE>
  *
  * @author Douglas Hoover
  */
 public class PKCS9Attribute implements DerEncoder {
 
     /* Are we debugging ? */
     private static final Debug debug = Debug.getInstance("jar");
 
     /**
      * Array of attribute OIDs defined in PKCS9, by number.
      */
     static final ObjectIdentifier[] PKCS9_OIDS = new ObjectIdentifier[18];
 
     static {   // static initializer for PKCS9_OIDS
         for (int i = 1; i < PKCS9_OIDS.length - 2; i++) {
             PKCS9_OIDS[i] =
                 ObjectIdentifier.newInternal(new int[]{1,2,840,113549,1,9,i});
         }
         // Initialize SigningCertificate and SignatureTimestampToken
         // separately (because their values are out of sequence)
         PKCS9_OIDS[PKCS9_OIDS.length - 2] =
             ObjectIdentifier.newInternal(new int[]{1,2,840,113549,1,9,16,2,12});
         PKCS9_OIDS[PKCS9_OIDS.length - 1] =
             ObjectIdentifier.newInternal(new int[]{1,2,840,113549,1,9,16,2,14});
     }
 
     // first element [0] not used
     public static final ObjectIdentifier EMAIL_ADDRESS_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[1];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier UNSTRUCTURED_NAME_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[2];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier CONTENT_TYPE_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[3];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier MESSAGE_DIGEST_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[4];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier SIGNING_TIME_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[5];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier COUNTERSIGNATURE_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[6];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier CHALLENGE_PASSWORD_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[7];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier UNSTRUCTURED_ADDRESS_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[8];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier EXTENDED_CERTIFICATE_ATTRIBUTES_OID
                                          = PKCS9_OIDS[9];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier ISSUER_SERIALNUMBER_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[10];
     // [11], [12] are RSA DSI proprietary
     // [13] ==> signingDescription, S/MIME, not used anymore
     public static final ObjectIdentifier EXTENSION_REQUEST_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[14];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier SMIME_CAPABILITY_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[15];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier SIGNING_CERTIFICATE_OID = PKCS9_OIDS[16];
     public static final ObjectIdentifier SIGNATURE_TIMESTAMP_TOKEN_OID =
                                 PKCS9_OIDS[17];
     public static final String EMAIL_ADDRESS_STR = "EmailAddress";
     public static final String UNSTRUCTURED_NAME_STR = "UnstructuredName";
     public static final String CONTENT_TYPE_STR = "ContentType";
     public static final String MESSAGE_DIGEST_STR = "MessageDigest";
     public static final String SIGNING_TIME_STR = "SigningTime";
     public static final String COUNTERSIGNATURE_STR = "Countersignature";
     public static final String CHALLENGE_PASSWORD_STR = "ChallengePassword";
     public static final String UNSTRUCTURED_ADDRESS_STR = "UnstructuredAddress";
     public static final String EXTENDED_CERTIFICATE_ATTRIBUTES_STR =
                                "ExtendedCertificateAttributes";
     public static final String ISSUER_SERIALNUMBER_STR = "IssuerAndSerialNumber";
     // [11], [12] are RSA DSI proprietary
     private static final String RSA_PROPRIETARY_STR = "RSAProprietary";
     // [13] ==> signingDescription, S/MIME, not used anymore
     private static final String SMIME_SIGNING_DESC_STR = "SMIMESigningDesc";
     public static final String EXTENSION_REQUEST_STR = "ExtensionRequest";
     public static final String SMIME_CAPABILITY_STR = "SMIMECapability";
     public static final String SIGNING_CERTIFICATE_STR = "SigningCertificate";
     public static final String SIGNATURE_TIMESTAMP_TOKEN_STR =
                                 "SignatureTimestampToken";
 
     /**
      * Hashtable mapping names and variant names of supported
      * attributes to their OIDs. This table contains all name forms
      * that occur in PKCS9, in lower case.
      */
     private static final Hashtable<String, ObjectIdentifier> NAME_OID_TABLE =
         new Hashtable<String, ObjectIdentifier>(18);
 
     static { // static initializer for PCKS9_NAMES
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("emailaddress", PKCS9_OIDS[1]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("unstructuredname", PKCS9_OIDS[2]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("contenttype", PKCS9_OIDS[3]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("messagedigest", PKCS9_OIDS[4]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("signingtime", PKCS9_OIDS[5]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("countersignature", PKCS9_OIDS[6]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("challengepassword", PKCS9_OIDS[7]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("unstructuredaddress", PKCS9_OIDS[8]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("extendedcertificateattributes", PKCS9_OIDS[9]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("issuerandserialnumber", PKCS9_OIDS[10]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("rsaproprietary", PKCS9_OIDS[11]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("rsaproprietary", PKCS9_OIDS[12]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("signingdescription", PKCS9_OIDS[13]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("extensionrequest", PKCS9_OIDS[14]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("smimecapability", PKCS9_OIDS[15]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("signingcertificate", PKCS9_OIDS[16]);
         NAME_OID_TABLE.put("signaturetimestamptoken", PKCS9_OIDS[17]);
     };
 
     /**
      * Hashtable mapping attribute OIDs defined in PKCS9 to the
      * corresponding attribute value type.
      */
     private static final Hashtable<ObjectIdentifier, String> OID_NAME_TABLE =
         new Hashtable<ObjectIdentifier, String>(16);
     static {
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[1], EMAIL_ADDRESS_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[2], UNSTRUCTURED_NAME_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[3], CONTENT_TYPE_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[4], MESSAGE_DIGEST_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[5], SIGNING_TIME_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[6], COUNTERSIGNATURE_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[7], CHALLENGE_PASSWORD_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[8], UNSTRUCTURED_ADDRESS_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[9], EXTENDED_CERTIFICATE_ATTRIBUTES_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[10], ISSUER_SERIALNUMBER_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[11], RSA_PROPRIETARY_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[12], RSA_PROPRIETARY_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[13], SMIME_SIGNING_DESC_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[14], EXTENSION_REQUEST_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[15], SMIME_CAPABILITY_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[16], SIGNING_CERTIFICATE_STR);
         OID_NAME_TABLE.put(PKCS9_OIDS[17], SIGNATURE_TIMESTAMP_TOKEN_STR);
     }
 
     /**
      * Acceptable ASN.1 tags for DER encodings of values of PKCS9
      * attributes, by index in <code>PKCS9_OIDS</code>.
      * Sets of acceptable tags are represented as arrays.
      */
     private static final Byte[][] PKCS9_VALUE_TAGS = {
         null,
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_IA5String)},   // EMailAddress
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_IA5String)},   // UnstructuredName
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_ObjectId)},    // ContentType
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_OctetString)}, // MessageDigest
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_UtcTime)},     // SigningTime
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_Sequence)},    // Countersignature
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_PrintableString),
          new Byte(DerValue.tag_T61String)},   // ChallengePassword
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_PrintableString),
          new Byte(DerValue.tag_T61String)},   // UnstructuredAddress
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_SetOf)},       // ExtendedCertificateAttributes
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_Sequence)},    // issuerAndSerialNumber
         null,
         null,
         null,
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_Sequence)},    // extensionRequest
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_Sequence)},    // SMIMECapability
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_Sequence)},    // SigningCertificate
         {new Byte(DerValue.tag_Sequence)}     // SignatureTimestampToken
     };
 
     private static final Class[] VALUE_CLASSES = new Class[18];
 
     static {
         try {
             Class str = Class.forName("[Ljava.lang.String;");
 
             VALUE_CLASSES[0] = null;  // not used
             VALUE_CLASSES[1] = str;   // EMailAddress
             VALUE_CLASSES[2] = str;   // UnstructuredName
             VALUE_CLASSES[3] =        // ContentType
                 Class.forName("sun.security.util.ObjectIdentifier");
             VALUE_CLASSES[4] = Class.forName("[B"); // MessageDigest (byte[])
             VALUE_CLASSES[5] = Class.forName("java.util.Date"); // SigningTime
             VALUE_CLASSES[6] =        // Countersignature
                 Class.forName("[Lsun.security.pkcs.SignerInfo;");
             VALUE_CLASSES[7] =        // ChallengePassword
                 Class.forName("java.lang.String");
             VALUE_CLASSES[8] = str;   // UnstructuredAddress
             VALUE_CLASSES[9] = null;  // ExtendedCertificateAttributes
             VALUE_CLASSES[10] = null;  // IssuerAndSerialNumber
             VALUE_CLASSES[11] = null;  // not used
             VALUE_CLASSES[12] = null;  // not used
             VALUE_CLASSES[13] = null;  // not used
             VALUE_CLASSES[14] =        // ExtensionRequest
                 Class.forName("sun.security.x509.CertificateExtensions");
             VALUE_CLASSES[15] = null;  // not supported yet
             VALUE_CLASSES[16] = null;  // not supported yet
             VALUE_CLASSES[17] = Class.forName("[B");  // SignatureTimestampToken
         } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
             throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(e.toString());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Array indicating which PKCS9 attributes are single-valued,
      * by index in <code>PKCS9_OIDS</code>.
      */
     private static final boolean[] SINGLE_VALUED = {
       false,
       false,   // EMailAddress
       false,   // UnstructuredName
       true,    // ContentType
       true,    // MessageDigest
       true,    // SigningTime
       false,   // Countersignature
       true,    // ChallengePassword
       false,   // UnstructuredAddress
       false,   // ExtendedCertificateAttributes
       true,    // IssuerAndSerialNumber - not supported yet
       false,   // not used
       false,   // not used
       false,   // not used
       true,    // ExtensionRequest
       true,    // SMIMECapability - not supported yet
       true,    // SigningCertificate
       true     // SignatureTimestampToken
     };
 
     /**
      * The OID of this attribute is <code>PKCS9_OIDS[index]</code>.
      */
     private int index;
 
     /**
      * Value set of this attribute.  Its class is given by
      * <code>VALUE_CLASSES[index]</code>.
      */
     private Object value;
 
     /**
      * Construct an attribute object from the attribute's OID and
      * value.  If the attribute is single-valued, provide only one
      * value.  If the attribute is multi-valued, provide an array
      * containing all the values.
      * Arrays of length zero are accepted, though probably useless.
      *
      * <P> The
      * <a href=#classTable>table</a> gives the class that <code>value</code>
      * must have for a given attribute.
      *
      */
     public PKCS9Attribute(ObjectIdentifier oid, Object value)
     throws IllegalArgumentException {
         init(oid, value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Construct an attribute object from the attribute's name and
      * value.  If the attribute is single-valued, provide only one
      * value.  If the attribute is multi-valued, provide an array
      * containing all the values.
      * Arrays of length zero are accepted, though probably useless.
      *
      * <P> The
      * <a href=#classTable>table</a> gives the class that <code>value</code>
      * must have for a given attribute. Reasonable variants of these
      * attributes are accepted; in particular, case does not matter.
      *
      * @exception IllegalArgumentException
      * if the <code>name</code> is not recognized of the
      * <code>value</code> has the wrong type.
      */
     public PKCS9Attribute(String name, Object value)
     throws IllegalArgumentException {
         ObjectIdentifier oid = getOID(name);
 
         if (oid == null)
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "Unrecognized attribute name " + name +
                        " constructing PKCS9Attribute.");
 
         init(oid, value);
     }
 
     private void init(ObjectIdentifier oid, Object value)
         throws IllegalArgumentException {
 
         index = indexOf(oid, PKCS9_OIDS, 1);
 
         if (index == -1)
             throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "Unsupported OID " + oid +
                        " constructing PKCS9Attribute.");
 
         if (!VALUE_CLASSES[index].isInstance(value))
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "Wrong value class " +
                            " for attribute " + oid +
                            " constructing PKCS9Attribute; was " +
                            value.getClass().toString() + ", should be " +
                            VALUE_CLASSES[index].toString());
 
         this.value = value;
     }
 
 
     /**
      * Construct a PKCS9Attribute from its encoding on an input
      * stream.
      *
      * @param val the DerValue representing the DER encoding of the attribute.
      * @exception IOException on parsing error.
      */
     public PKCS9Attribute(DerValue derVal) throws IOException {
 
         DerInputStream derIn = new DerInputStream(derVal.toByteArray());
         DerValue[] val =  derIn.getSequence(2);
 
         if (derIn.available() != 0)
             throw new IOException("Excess data parsing PKCS9Attribute");
 
         if (val.length != 2)
             throw new IOException("PKCS9Attribute doesn't have two components");
 
         // get the oid
         ObjectIdentifier oid = val[0].getOID();
         index = indexOf(oid, PKCS9_OIDS, 1);
         if (index == -1) {
             if (debug != null) {
                 debug.println("ignoring unsupported signer attribute: " + oid);
             }
             throw new ParsingException("Unsupported PKCS9 attribute: " + oid);
         }
 
         DerValue[] elems = new DerInputStream(val[1].toByteArray()).getSet(1);
         // check single valued have only one value
         if (SINGLE_VALUED[index] && elems.length > 1)
             throwSingleValuedException();
 
         // check for illegal element tags
         Byte tag;
         for (int i=0; i < elems.length; i++) {
             tag = new Byte(elems[i].tag);
 
             if (indexOf(tag, PKCS9_VALUE_TAGS[index], 0) == -1)
                 throwTagException(tag);
         }
 
         switch (index) {
         case 1:     // email address
         case 2:     // unstructured name
         case 8:     // unstructured address
             { // open scope
                 String[] values = new String[elems.length];
 
                 for (int i=0; i < elems.length; i++)
                     values[i] = elems[i].getAsString();
                 value = values;
             } // close scope
             break;
 
         case 3:     // content type
             value = elems[0].getOID();
             break;
 
         case 4:     // message digest
             value = elems[0].getOctetString();
             break;
 
         case 5:     // signing time
             value = (new DerInputStream(elems[0].toByteArray())).getUTCTime();
             break;
 
         case 6:     // countersignature
             { // open scope
                 SignerInfo[] values = new SignerInfo[elems.length];
                 for (int i=0; i < elems.length; i++)
                     values[i] =
                         new SignerInfo(elems[i].toDerInputStream());
                 value = values;
             } // close scope
             break;
 
         case 7:     // challenge password
             value = elems[0].getAsString();
             break;
 
         case 9:     // extended-certificate attribute -- not supported
             throw new IOException("PKCS9 extended-certificate " +
                                   "attribute not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
         case 10:    // issuerAndserialNumber attribute -- not supported
             throw new IOException("PKCS9 IssuerAndSerialNumber" +
                                   "attribute not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
         case 11:    // RSA DSI proprietary
         case 12:    // RSA DSI proprietary
             throw new IOException("PKCS9 RSA DSI attributes" +
                                   "11 and 12, not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
         case 13:    // S/MIME unused attribute
             throw new IOException("PKCS9 attribute #13 not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
 
         case 14:     // ExtensionRequest
             value = new CertificateExtensions(
                        new DerInputStream(elems[0].toByteArray()));
             break;
 
         case 15:     // SMIME-capability attribute -- not supported
             throw new IOException("PKCS9 SMIMECapability " +
                                   "attribute not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
         case 16:     // SigningCertificate attribute
             value = new SigningCertificateInfo(elems[0].toByteArray());
             break;
 
         case 17:     // SignatureTimestampToken attribute
             value = elems[0].toByteArray();
             break;
         default: // can't happen
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Write the DER encoding of this attribute to an output stream.
      *
      * <P> N.B.: This method always encodes values of
      * ChallengePassword and UnstructuredAddress attributes as ASN.1
      * <code>PrintableString</code>s, without checking whether they
      * should be encoded as <code>T61String</code>s.
      */
     public void derEncode(OutputStream out) throws IOException {
         DerOutputStream temp = new DerOutputStream();
         temp.putOID(getOID());
         switch (index) {
         case 1:     // email address
         case 2:     // unstructured name
             { // open scope
                 String[] values = (String[]) value;
                 DerOutputStream[] temps = new
                     DerOutputStream[values.length];
 
                 for (int i=0; i < values.length; i++) {
                     temps[i] = new DerOutputStream();
                     temps[i].putIA5String( values[i]);
                 }
                 temp.putOrderedSetOf(DerValue.tag_Set, temps);
             } // close scope
             break;
 
         case 3:     // content type
             {
                 DerOutputStream temp2 = new DerOutputStream();
                 temp2.putOID((ObjectIdentifier) value);
                 temp.write(DerValue.tag_Set, temp2.toByteArray());
             }
             break;
 
         case 4:     // message digest
             {
                 DerOutputStream temp2 = new DerOutputStream();
                 temp2.putOctetString((byte[]) value);
                 temp.write(DerValue.tag_Set, temp2.toByteArray());
             }
             break;
 
         case 5:     // signing time
             {
                 DerOutputStream temp2 = new DerOutputStream();
                 temp2.putUTCTime((Date) value);
                 temp.write(DerValue.tag_Set, temp2.toByteArray());
             }
             break;
 
         case 6:     // countersignature
             temp.putOrderedSetOf(DerValue.tag_Set, (DerEncoder[]) value);
             break;
 
         case 7:     // challenge password
             {
                 DerOutputStream temp2 = new DerOutputStream();
                 temp2.putPrintableString((String) value);
                 temp.write(DerValue.tag_Set, temp2.toByteArray());
             }
             break;
 
         case 8:     // unstructured address
             { // open scope
                 String[] values = (String[]) value;
                 DerOutputStream[] temps = new
                     DerOutputStream[values.length];
 
                 for (int i=0; i < values.length; i++) {
                     temps[i] = new DerOutputStream();
                     temps[i].putPrintableString(values[i]);
                 }
                 temp.putOrderedSetOf(DerValue.tag_Set, temps);
             } // close scope
             break;
 
         case 9:     // extended-certificate attribute -- not supported
             throw new IOException("PKCS9 extended-certificate " +
                                   "attribute not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
         case 10:    // issuerAndserialNumber attribute -- not supported
             throw new IOException("PKCS9 IssuerAndSerialNumber" +
                                   "attribute not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
         case 11:    // RSA DSI proprietary
         case 12:    // RSA DSI proprietary
             throw new IOException("PKCS9 RSA DSI attributes" +
                                   "11 and 12, not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
         case 13:    // S/MIME unused attribute
             throw new IOException("PKCS9 attribute #13 not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
 
         case 14:     // ExtensionRequest
             {
                 DerOutputStream temp2 = new DerOutputStream();
                 CertificateExtensions exts = (CertificateExtensions)value;
                 try {
                     exts.encode(temp2, true);
                 } catch (CertificateException ex) {
                     throw new IOException(ex.toString());
                 }
                 temp.write(DerValue.tag_Set, temp2.toByteArray());
             }
             break;
         case 15:    // SMIMECapability
             throw new IOException("PKCS9 attribute #15 not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
 
         case 16:    // SigningCertificate
             throw new IOException(
                 "PKCS9 SigningCertificate attribute not supported.");
             // break unnecessary
 
         case 17:    // SignatureTimestampToken
             temp.write(DerValue.tag_Set, (byte[])value);
             break;
 
         default: // can't happen
         }
 
         DerOutputStream derOut = new DerOutputStream();
         derOut.write(DerValue.tag_Sequence, temp.toByteArray());
 
         out.write(derOut.toByteArray());
 
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the value of this attribute.  If the attribute is
      * single-valued, return just the one value.  If the attribute is
      * multi-valued, return an array containing all the values.
      * It is possible for this array to be of length 0.
      *
      * <P> The
      * <a href=#classTable>table</a> gives the class of the value returned,
      * depending on the type of this attribute.
      */
     public Object getValue() {
         return value;
     }
 
     /**
      * Show whether this attribute is single-valued.
      */
     public boolean isSingleValued() {
         return SINGLE_VALUED[index];
     }
 
     /**
      *  Return the OID of this attribute.
      */
     public ObjectIdentifier getOID() {
         return PKCS9_OIDS[index];
     }
 
     /**
      *  Return the name of this attribute.
      */
     public String getName() {
         return OID_NAME_TABLE.get(PKCS9_OIDS[index]);
     }
 
     /**
      * Return the OID for a given attribute name or null if we don't recognize
      * the name.
      */
     public static ObjectIdentifier getOID(String name) {
         return NAME_OID_TABLE.get(name.toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
     }
 
     /**
      * Return the attribute name for a given OID or null if we don't recognize
      * the oid.
      */
     public static String getName(ObjectIdentifier oid) {
         return OID_NAME_TABLE.get(oid);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns a string representation of this attribute.
      */
     public String toString() {
         StringBuffer buf = new StringBuffer(100);
 
         buf.append("[");
 
         buf.append(OID_NAME_TABLE.get(PKCS9_OIDS[index]));
         buf.append(": ");
 
         if (SINGLE_VALUED[index]) {
             if (value instanceof byte[]) { // special case for octet string
                 HexDumpEncoder hexDump = new HexDumpEncoder();
                 buf.append(hexDump.encodeBuffer((byte[]) value));
             } else {
                 buf.append(value.toString());
             }
             buf.append("]");
             return buf.toString();
         } else { // multi-valued
             boolean first = true;
             Object[] values = (Object[]) value;
 
             for (int j=0; j < values.length; j++) {
                 if (first)
                     first = false;
                 else
                     buf.append(", ");
 
                 buf.append(values[j].toString());
             }
             return buf.toString();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Beginning the search at <code>start</code>, find the first
      * index <code>i</code> such that <code>a[i] = obj</code>.
      *
      * @return the index, if found, and -1 otherwise.
      */
     static int indexOf(Object obj, Object[] a, int start) {
         for (int i=start; i < a.length; i++) {
             if (obj.equals(a[i])) return i;
         }
         return -1;
     }
 
     /**
      * Throw an exception when there are multiple values for
      * a single-valued attribute.
      */
     private void throwSingleValuedException() throws IOException {
         throw new IOException("Single-value attribute " +
                               getOID() + " (" + getName() + ")" +
                               " has multiple values.");
     }
 
     /**
      * Throw an exception when the tag on a value encoding is
      * wrong for the attribute whose value it is.
      */
     private void throwTagException(Byte tag)
     throws IOException {
         Byte[] expectedTags = PKCS9_VALUE_TAGS[index];
         StringBuffer msg = new StringBuffer(100);
         msg.append("Value of attribute ");
         msg.append(getOID().toString());
         msg.append(" (");
         msg.append(getName());
         msg.append(") has wrong tag: ");
         msg.append(tag.toString());
         msg.append(".  Expected tags: ");
 
         msg.append(expectedTags[0].toString());
 
         for (int i = 1; i < expectedTags.length; i++) {
             msg.append(", ");
             msg.append(expectedTags[i].toString());
         }
         msg.append(".");
         throw new IOException(msg.toString());
     }
 }